PlainGnome: The Android Spyware Threat of 2024

Cybersecurity experts have identified a growing threat to Android users worldwide: PlainGnome spyware. This malicious software is designed to record and steal sensitive data from infected devices. Emerging in 2024, PlainGnome is closely tied to Gamaredon (aka Primitive Bear or Shuckworm), a Russian state-backed cyber-espionage group affiliated with the Federal Security Service (FSB) of the Russian Federation. Its operations primarily target Russian-speaking users in former USSR states, including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

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What is PlainGnome?

PlainGnome is a form of Android-specific spyware that infiltrates devices by masquerading as seemingly legitimate apps, such as an image gallery application. Once installed, it steals a wide range of data, including:

• Device data and mobile service provider details.
• Contacts (names and phone numbers).
• Call logs (incoming/outgoing, duration, date, time).
• Notifications.
• SMS messages (recipients, content, date/time).
• Browsing histories.
• Geolocation (e.g., GPS data).

Additionally, it can:

• Take screenshots and capture photos using the device's cameras.
• Record phone calls and audio from the device.

PlainGnome spyware has anti-analysis capabilities that detect when it is running in an emulated environment, making it more difficult for researchers to study its behavior. Its ultimate goal is to exfiltrate private information, leading to severe consequences such as identity theft, financial losses, and privacy breaches.

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How PlainGnome Infiltrates Android Devices

PlainGnome employs a two-phase infection chain to compromise Android devices:

1. First Stage: The spyware dropper uses the "REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES" permission to initiate the installation process. Victims unknowingly grant this permission when they install the disguised application.
2. Second Stage: A full-screen prompt appears with a button labeled "каталог" (Russian for "catalog"). When users click the button, the malware executes further installation processes, embedding itself into the device.

Permissions Used by PlainGnome:

• Access to SMS messages, contacts, and call logs.
• Control over the device's camera.
• Potentially seeking root access to gain deeper control of the system.

Key Symptoms:

• Sluggish device performance.
• Unexpected changes to system settings.
• Appearance of unfamiliar applications.
• Increased data and battery usage.

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Detection of PlainGnome Malware

Cybersecurity solutions have identified PlainGnome under various names. Here are a few detection names assigned by major security tools:

• DrWeb: Android.Backdoor.872.origin
• ESET-NOD32: A Variant Of Android/Monitor.Drower.H
• Fortinet: Adware/Drower!Android
• Kaspersky: Not-a-virus:HEUR:Monitor.AndroidOS.Dr

Using tools like VirusTotal, you can check suspicious applications to confirm whether they are flagged as malware.

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Removing PlainGnome

If you suspect that your device is infected with PlainGnome spyware, follow these steps to remove it effectively:

Boot the Device in Safe Mode

• Hold the power button until the power off menu appears.
• Tap and hold the "Power off" option until the "Reboot to safe mode" prompt appears, then confirm.
• In Safe Mode, third-party applications are disabled, making it easier to identify and remove malicious software.

Uninstall Suspicious Applications

• Go to Settings > Apps > All Apps.
• Look for unfamiliar or recently installed applications.
• Tap on the suspicious app and select Uninstall.
• If the "Uninstall" option is unavailable, revoke its Device Administrator privileges via Settings > Security > Device Admin Apps.

Scan the Device with an Anti-Malware Tool

• Download a reputable anti-malware app like SpyHunter, Malwarebytes, or Avast Mobile Security.
• Perform a full device scan to detect and remove PlainGnome or any other malicious programs.

Clear Browser and App Data

Clear the cache and data of all installed browsers and suspicious apps through Settings > Storage > App Data.

Check for Other Threats

Monitor for additional suspicious behavior, such as unauthorized account logins or financial transactions.

Reset the Device (If Necessary)

• If the infection persists, perform a factory reset:
  • Backup your important files.
  • Navigate to Settings > System > Reset > Factory Data Reset.
  • Confirm the reset. This will erase all data and return your device to its default settings.

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Preventing Future Infections

To safeguard your Android device from PlainGnome and other malware, implement the following preventive measures:

Install Apps from Trusted Sources

• Only download applications from the Google Play Store or other reputable sources.
• Avoid downloading APK files from third-party websites.

Check App Permissions

• Review requested permissions before installing any app.
• Avoid granting unnecessary permissions, such as access to SMS messages or call logs.

Keep Your Device Updated

Regularly update your Android OS and apps to patch security vulnerabilities.

Use Anti-Malware Software

Install a reliable anti-malware tool and enable real-time protection to detect and block threats.

Avoid Suspicious Links and Emails

• Do not click on links or download attachments from unknown sources.
• Be cautious of phishing emails and social engineering tactics.

Enable Play Protect

Turn on Google Play Protect via Settings > Security > Google Play Protect for real-time scanning.

Regularly Monitor Device Activity

Check for unusual battery drain, data usage, or device behavior.

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Conclusion

PlainGnome spyware is a potent Android threat that poses severe risks to privacy, security, and financial stability. By understanding its infection methods, symptoms, and consequences, you can take immediate action to remove it and safeguard your device from future attacks. Regularly updating your device, scrutinizing app permissions, and installing robust anti-malware tools are essential steps to ensuring a secure mobile experience.